The famous sociologist Geert Hofstede developed the " Theory of Cultural Dimensions”, according to which each culture is defined by six indicators.

1. Large/small distance from the authorities. This dimension expresses the degree to which society accepts the uneven distribution of power among its members. Thus, in countries with a high distance from power, inequality is considered to be normal in society, and hierarchy is strictly observed. An analysis of survey data from more than seventy countries has shown that a high distance from power correlates with higher inequality, a smaller middle class, and a larger lower class. Moreover, people in such societies tend to be violent, rather than choose peaceful solutions as a measure to achieve the desired change.

2. Collectivism/individualism. Representatives of individualistic cultures have developed individual rather than collective identity, which makes social ties between people weaker. In this regard, people are usually considered primarily as individuals, rather than members of a particular group or tribe. According to Hofstede's research, there is a strong positive correlation between individualism and the level of wealth of a nation, as well as the degree of protection of human rights.

3. Long-term/short-term orientation to the future. Long-term cultures inculcate values related to future rewards, such as saving money, perseverance in achieving goals, and adapting to changing circumstances. In short-term cultures, on the contrary, people focus on the present and the past, which is why they have a strong national pride, a deep respect for traditions, and respect social obligations. Countries with a long-term focus on the future have more savings and investments. Moreover, according to Hofstede, long-term orientation in poor countries leads to faster economic growth, while rich nations have less of this effect.

4. Masculinity/femininity. Masculinic cultures are those in which there are differences in emotional gender roles. Masculinity, which implies increased emotionality of women and rigidity of men, is expressed, for example, in the admiration of the strong and contempt for the weak, as well as clearly defined roles of parents. Data shows that in masculine societies, there are more functionally illiterate people, more citizens live below the poverty line, and less spending on humanitarian aid to poor countries.

5. Tolerance/avoidance of uncertainty. It is expressed as the extent to which members of society feel uncomfortable in unforeseen and unfamiliar situations. Cultures that do not accept uncertainty are characterized by a fear of everything unknown and different, xenophobia, and commitment to all kinds of rules. As a result, avoiding uncertainty is accompanied by higher levels of alcoholism, stress, and the obligation to always carry some form of identification.

6. Indulgence/restraint of desires. It is an indicator of the extent to which the society allows relatively free satisfaction of basic and natural human desires related to the enjoyment of life and pleasure. Representatives of this type of culture have a high level of happiness, openness, and optimism, although the crime rate is lower in restrained societies.